一次阿扑吗啡注射对大鼠视觉辨别学习和工作记忆的影响

目的探讨多巴胺受体激动剂 -阿扑吗啡对大鼠视觉辨别学习和工作记忆的影响。方法利用旋转T迷宫装置 ,通过食物强化 ,分别训练大鼠正常和逆反的视觉辨别学习任务。动物达到规定的标准次数后 ,腹腔注射 2mg/kg体重的阿扑吗啡 ,3 0分钟后观察药物对工作记忆的影响。 结果对于正常学习 ,阿扑吗啡注射组动物的正确次数与生理盐水对照组相比无显著性差异 ,且两组动物继续进行逆反学习训练 ,达到学习标准所需的总次数亦无显著性差异 ;对于逆反学习 ,阿扑吗啡注射组动物的正确次数较对照组显著降低。结论单独一次阿扑吗啡注射可能干扰大鼠逆反学习的工作记忆 ,但不影响正常学习的工作记忆和逆反学习的过程。     

Effects of stimulation and blockade of dopamine receptor subtypes on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine

The involvement of dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes in the behavioral effects of CNS stimulants was studied in rats trained to discriminate occaine from saline. In substitution tests, the stimulus effects of 10mg/kg of this substance generalized tod-amphetamine (0.25–1.0 mg/kg) and the selective D₂ against LY-171555 (0.05–0.25 mg/kg); but not to the D₁ agonist SKF-38393 (5.0–15.0 mg/kg); in combination tests, the D₁ antagonist Sch-23390 (0.0625–0.5 mg/kg) significantly blocked, and the D₂ antagonist spiperone (0.25–0.5 mg/kg) partially blocked the cocaine cue. These data suggest that the involvement of DA systems in the behavioral effects of cocaine is more complex than either D₁ or D₂ receptor activation; for example, the stimulus properties of this substance might involve both D₁ and D₂ receptor activation.Some of these results were presented at the meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Toronto, 1988     

The discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of d-amphetamine,phenmetrazine and fenfluramine in humans

The discriminative stimulus (DS) and subjective effects of d-amphetamine (AMP), phenmetrazine (PMT) and fenfluramine (FFL) were studied in a group of normal healthy adults. Subjects (N=27) were trained to discriminate between placebo and 10 mg AMP (PO). Fourteen of the subjects (discriminators) reliably learned the discrimination, whereas the other 13 did not. Nearly all discriminators labelled AMP as a stimulant, and AMP, relative to placebo, increased ratings of drug liking and general activity level, and produced typical stimulant-like subjective effects, as measured by the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and a series of visual analog scales. The discrimination accuracy of discriminators increased as a function of hour after drug ingestion, as did analog ratings of how certain subjects were that their discrimination responses were correct. Discriminators were tested with doses of PMT (25 and 50 mg) and FFL (20 and 40 mg) to determine whether the DS properties of these drugs would substitute for those of AMP. Both doses of PMT consistently substituted for AMP, and PMT produced subjective effects very similar to those of AMP. Conversely, neither dose of FFL consistently substituted for AMP, and FFL produced essentially no subjective effects. These findings are consistent with results from discrimination studies with other species, and provide further evidence of the validity of this procedure for studying the DS properties of drugs in humans. Offprint requests to: L.D. Chait     

Titration of duration discrimination in behavioral pharmacology and toxicology

This study investigated a discrete-trial, titration duration discrimination procedure in behavioral pharmacology. Pentobarbital and d-amphetamine, measured with this procedure, selectively affected discrimination more than response tendencies. Pentobarbital also tended to affect selectively discrimination of longer durations, whereas d-amphetamine did not. Further experiments showed that (1) other algorithms for modulating stimulus duration are useful in behavioral pharmacology and toxicology, (2) threshold estimates are similar with the method of constant stimuli and the method of titration, and (3) this titration procedure permits the separate examination of drug effects upon discrimination and upon response tendencies; the fixed-interval procedure does not. Baseline variability was an important correlate of drug effects in that the endpoints with more variable baselines were also more sensitive to drugs.     

用Logistic曲线求月经初潮均龄

介绍用Logistic 曲线来计算初潮均龄及95%可信区间,该方法只需原始数据即可进行计算,不必将来潮率以概率单位置换,从而避免了年龄与发生率的S 形曲线与正态分布函数相符这一要求。经验证和比较,认为本方法计算简便,误差小,是一种值得采用的方法。     

Mothers' discrimination of their neonates' cry in relation to cry acoustics: The first week of life

This study investigated the temporal evolution in the discrimination of the newborn's crying by the mother, from the first to the eighth day after birth. The sample included twenty human mothers who had had an uneventful pregnancy, labour and delivery. They were asked to identify the spontaneous cries of their newborn babies from tape-recorded cries containing cries from their own newborn and from three other newborns. On the first day, the percentage of correct answers was 48#pc, then 81 #pc on the eighth day. Two acoustic features that may underlie this discrimination were analyzed: the maximum Fo values and the average number of cry bursts per second. On the seventh day, these two acoustic variables and the discrimination abilities significantly correlate.     

正常人口腔粘膜不同部位表面感觉的测试

目的 建立正常人口腔粘膜不同部位表面感觉的正常参考值，并测试各年龄组感觉值是否存在差异。方法 利用动静两点辨别觉试验，测试90例健康人口腔粘膜不同部位的表面感觉。结果 舌尖感觉功能最好，其次为舌背、舌腹、颊粘膜、口底和硬腭。健康人的口腔粘膜不同部位的表面感觉随着年龄增长有显著性变化。结论 口腔粘膜不同部位感觉辨别力存在差异，健康人口底、舌腹、舌背、颊和硬腭粘膜感觉功能有增龄性变化。     

农村居民医疗服务潜在需求量及影响因素分析

目的 了解农村居民医疗服务的潜在需求及其影响因素。方法 采用分层多阶段整群抽样方法，对湖北省宜昌地区5县1839名农村居民进行问卷调查。结果 该地区治病未就诊率为13．21％，男女性未就诊率分别为12．01％，15．56％，采用Logistic回归分析方法，筛选出影响患病未就治的主要因素为性别、健康状况、对健康的重视程度、婚姻状况以及不同县等。结论 在农村要完善合作医疗保障制度，对医疗机构建设应以提高服务质量、降低成本、遏制费用增长为主要目的，并能提供更多的医疗服务，使患能及时利用医疗服务。     

Lesbians with disabilities

There is a severe lack of information on sexuality for any woman with a disability. Often, what is available is limited to material on birth control and child delivery. For women who are disabled and lesbian, virtually no written information exist and health care workers seldom feel comfortable discussing the topic. Lesbians with disabilities have the responsibility to discuss sexual preference with their health care workers. Yet, there is much to lose. This paper discusses the issues of being lesbian and disabled as well as the unique problems faced by their partners. Finally, the article discusses negative attitudes of health care workers toward both disability and homosexuality.